LIN vs CAN vs Ethernet
FACTOR | LIN | CAN | ETHERNET | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
COMMUNICATION CHARACTERISTICS | ||||
Access Control | Medium Access Control | Master-slave (single master, multiple slaves) | Multi-Master CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) | Multi-Master CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) |
Bus Conflicts | Master uses arbitration process to resolve bus conflict | Resolved by arbitration on message ID | Resolved by collision detection and backoff | |
Transmission | Communication Type | Serial, synchronous | Serial, asynchronous | Serial, asynchronous |
Message Transmission | Deterministic | Deterministic | Non-deterministic, packet-switched | |
Triggered Technique (event / time triggered) | Time-triggered | Time-triggered | Event-triggered | |
Message Transmission Latency | Low, predictable | Low, predictable | Low | |
Latency Jitter | Constant | Load dependent | Typically low | |
Efficiency | Bus Utilization Efficiency (excluding idle time) | Typically low (10-40%) due to simple protocol | High (up to 100% for critical messages) | High |
Quality of Service | Limited | Higher due to prioritization of messages | Supports QoS features in higher layers | |
Error detection and correction methods | Basic parity checks | CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) | CRC and additional methods in higher layers | |
PERFORMANCE | ||||
Speed | Speed | Slow | Medium | Fast |
Typical Bus Speed (bit/sec) | Up to 20Kbps | 33Kbps – 1 Mbps | 10 Mbps – 100 Gbps | |
Capacity | Data and Frame Size | 1 – 8 bytes payload 44 bits overhead | 0 – 8 bytes payload 47 bits overhead (std ID) 67 bits overhead (ext iD) | Large (up to 1500 bytes standard, jumbo frames possible) |
PHYSICAL LAYER & MEDIA | ||||
Connection Details | Cable Type | Unshielded twisted pair | Shielded twisted pair | UTP, STP, fiber optic |
Cable core | Copper | Copper | Copper, fiber optics | |
No. of Lines Required | 1 | 2 | 2, 4, or 8 depending on Ethernet variant | |
Max. Cable Length | 40 meters (theoretically) – typically 10 – 20 meters | 40 meters (at 1 Mbps) | 100 meters (Ethernet over copper), kilometers over fiber | |
Energy | Power Consumption | Very low | Low | Varies, higher than CAN/LIN for high speeds |
Nodes | Number of Nodes | Up to 16 nodes | 64 to 128 nodes | Thousands of nodes (depends on Ethernet switches) |
Possible Topologies | Linear (bus) | Linear (bus), star | Bus, star, ring | |
SCALABILITY & EXTENSIBILITY | ||||
Growth Potential | Extensibility | Limited | Moderate | High |
Scalability | Limited | Good | High | |
Reliability | Basic | High | High | |
Interoperability | Low | Medium | High | |
Security | Basic | Basic | Basic | |
COST & COMPLEXITY | ||||
Cost Factors | Overall Cost | Low | Moderate | High |
Implementation | Implementation Complexity | Low | Moderate | Complex |
Implementation Cost | Low | Moderate | High | |
USAGE | ||||
Applications | Use Cases | Sensor / actuator interface to a master ECU (doors, mirrors, windows, motors, ABS) | Automotive control networks, industrial automation (Electric seats, mirrors, tailgate, wiper control) | General-purpose networking, IoT, industrial automation |
J1939 vs UDS
FACTOR | J1939 | UDS | |
|---|---|---|---|
COMMUNICATION CHARACTERISTICS | |||
Transmission | Communication Type | Serial, asynchronous (over CAN) | Serial, asynchronous (over CAN or other transport layers) |
Message Transmission | Deterministic message priority | Non-deterministic | |
Triggered Technique (event / time triggered) | Event-triggered | Event-triggered (on request) | |
Message Transmission Latency | Low, predictable | Varies, typically low (depends on transport layer) | |
Latency Jitter | Low (due to CAN message priority) | Low to medium (depends on transport layer) | |
Efficiency | Bus Utilization Efficiency (excluding idle time) | High, especially for critical messages | Moderate (diagnostic traffic can be infrequent but potentially high) |
Quality of Service | Higher due to message prioritization | Limited (depends on underlying transport) | |
Bit Coding | NRZ w/ bit stuffing (CAN-based) | NRZ (based on underlying transport protocol, e.g., CAN) | |
Error detection and correction methods | CRC, with error detection on CAN layer | Error detection depends on transport layer (e.g., CAN’s CRC) | |
SCALABILITY & EXTENSIBILITY | |||
Growth Potential | Extensibility | High (supports complex vehicle networks) | Moderate (extends with new diagnostic services) |
Scalability | High (due to its support for multiple segments) | Limited by transport and protocol overhead | |
Reliability | High | High (depends on underlying protocol like CAN) | |
Interoperability | Medium | Low (specific to diagnostics) | |
COST & COMPLEXITY | |||
Cost Factors | Overall Cost | Moderate to high (depending on network size and complexity) | Moderate (due to diagnostic focus) |
Implementation | Implementation Complexity | Complex (due to broader network control needs) | Moderate (requires handling diagnostic routines) |
Implementation Cost | Moderate to high | Moderate (diagnostic equipment needed) | |
INDUSTRY SUPPORT & STANDARDIZATION | |||
Acceptance | Industry Acceptance | Widely accepted in commercial trucks and heavy machinery | Widely used for vehicle diagnostics |
USAGE | |||
Applications | Use Cases | Heavy-duty vehicle communication, fleet management, engine control | Vehicle diagnostics (OBD-II, ECU diagnostics) |